Saladin

Saladin was a Kurd and the nephew of Shirkuh, who had conquered Egypt for Nur ad-Din in 1169. Saladin secured Egypt on the death of his uncle, fought off crusader attacks and in 1171 ended the Fatimid caliphate and founded the Ayyubid. Saladin quarrelled with Nur ad-Din whose death in 1174 enabled him to seize Damascus; henceforth he portrayed himself as the champion of Islam against the Christians, though he always faced Muslim enemies, usually the Zengids whom he fought many times before finally gaining Aleppo in 1183.

Saladin was known as a hero of Islam. He united Arab forces and recaptured the holy city of Jerusalem from Christian Crusaders in the 12th century A.D. Of Kurdish origin. Saladin became the vizier of Egypt in 1169 and then took full control of the country in 1171; he later built the famed Citadel in Cairo. His conquest of Jerusalem in 1188 prompted the Third Crusade, led by Richard I of England; Richard's forces defeated Saladin in several battles, but could not retake Jerusalem. Saladin and Richard signed an armistice in 1192, and the two are often linked in histories of the era.
In 1177 he invaded Jerusalem from Egypt but was surprised and defeated by Baldwin IV at Mons Gisardi. In June 1179 he returned the favour at Marj Uyun and in September destroyed the new strategic castle at Jacob's Ford. After fighting in Mesopotamia he mounted a major attack on Jerusalem in 1183 which failed because the Christians refused battle and two attacks upon Kerakin in 1184 also miscarried. After a final war with the Zengids in 1187 Saladin invaded Jerusalem, attacked Tiberias with a huge army, and lured King Guy of Jerusalem into battle at Hattin where on 4 July the European knights were annihilated. Saladin seized Jerusalem, Acre, and most of the kingdom, offering clemency to all who surrendered. But at Tyre Conrad of Montferrat rallied resistance and Saladin did not press the siege.

He took inland strongholds and in 1188 moved against Tripoli and Antioch, though without challenging their chief cities. Perhaps he hoped, by picking off weak places, to encourage the strong to capitulate, but new crusaders were arriving from the West. King Guy was released by Saladin, perhaps to divide the Christians, and after a quarrel with Conrad he led the arriving crusaders to besiege Acre in August 1189. Saladin's inaction in these months was partly a result of declining health and partly because of discontent within his army, although the two were related.
Saladin has been criticized because his indecision immediately after Hattin robbed him of the fruits of his victory, but it should be noted that his style was to provoke his enemies until they did something that delivered them into his hands. This was how he won at Hattin and this was why even a battlefield defeat like Arsuf left his army able to limit the territorial gains of the Third Crusade.
After several expeditions into Egypt, where the Ftimid remained the most important of the successor kingdoms established after the fall of the Abbasid Empire, Saladin assumed full military power on the death of Shirkuh in 1168. He was successful in repulsing the combined French-Byzantine invasion of Amalric, King of Jerusalem, and a victory which opened the way for him to move his armies up into the Transjordan area. The Fatimid caliphate was crushed by 1171, and on the death of Nur-ad-Din 3 years later, Saladin began the conquest of the Frankish lands and of the old Zengid Empire. He shortly occupied Damascus and married the widow of Nur-ad-Din. He thus faced increased hostility from two sides: from the Zengid rulers at Mosul, who were in no way enthusiastic about his conception of the holy war, and from the Latin forces under Baldwin IV, the Leper King. The complexities of operating on two fronts at the same time were reduced somewhat by diplomatic negotiations with Baldwin and Raymond of Tripoli as well as with the Byzantine emperor and certain of the Italian maritime cities. In the former case the result was essentially negative. A series of provisional treaties served to forestall an attack on the vulnerable western side, for Baldwin proved to be quite capable of containing Saladin, although he was unable to do him any damage. But in the latter case not only were assurances of nonintervention given, but material aid was obtained

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1796

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1:00-3:00 Each Saturday in Febuary.

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Spirit of Life Lutheran Church
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January 23,2009

Mr.Kennedy President
Audio Video World
600 Frog Berry Road
Newark, Deleware

Dear: Mr. Kennedy

I purchased a Casio DVD player from your store on Friday of January 20, 2009. Upon turning on the DVD player, I noticed the screen was blank. I began to read the manuel again to check to see if I did everything properly. Everything was done properly so I made the conclusion that my DVD player does not work.

When I attempted to return it you told me that you lost my purchase records. The stores policy clearly stataes that if it dose'nt work i can return it and recieve a refund. I then showed you my reciept and you did'nt accept my reciept. That goes against the store policy.

Money is very tight for me at this time during the struggling econmy. My family and I don't have much to waste. I came to your store in search of a quality DVD player. So I ask you again, may I please have my money back.

Sincerly Yours,


Isaiah Jones

Should school hours in school be shortened?
School hours in schools should not be shortened they should be extended. Most classes in school have around 30 or 29 children. For part of the class some students are talking or being disruptive. This takes other children away from their learning because it wastes a lot of time. This may cause the students who learn slower to fall behind or miss out. Disruptive students should be separated from the students who want to learn.

All students should have the opportunity to learn. If a student is being disruptive they should be separated from the class. Schools should make separate classes for disruptive students.

Teachers should be stricter. They should not let students be disruptive. Students should come to school to lean not to play. Their should be stricter consequences for bad behavior in class.

Should school hours in school be shortened?

School hours in schools should not be shortened they should be extended. Most classes in school have around 30 or 29 children. For part of the class some students are talking or being disruptive. This takes other children away from their learning because it wastes a lot of time. This may cause the students who learn slower to fall behind or miss out. Disruptive students should be separated from the students who want to learn.

Should school hours in school be shortened?

School hours in schools should not be shortened they should be extended. Most classes in school have around 30 or 29 children. For part of the class some students are talking or being disruptive. This takes other children away from their learning because it wastes a lot of time. This may cause the students who learn slower to fall behind or miss out. Disruptive students should be separated from the students who want to learn.

Should schools be less strict about bullying?


Do I think schools should be stricter about bullying? Well I say yes if a person is making fun of a person they should get in trouble. If a person wants to hurt another person physically or emotionally they could be kicked out of school or suspended. They should have a stricter consequence. Most of all the school violence is from a student bullying another student. Innocent people get hurt by just being in the school or next to the person aimed for.

The student or students should be reported to the police and put in a school for kids who act like them. Students should not have to suffer being bullied by another student. If someone wants to bully another person they do deserve to suffer the consequence.

To stop all of the killing and violence students should keep all of there comments to there selves. Bullying is not just fighting. It’s also words or being rude. Bulling could get you sent to jail or maybe even killed. So the smart thing to do is just not say anything mean to anyone. Students should treat others the way they wanted to be treated

Should schools be less strict about bullying?


Do I think schools should be stricter about bullying? Well I say yes if a person is making fun of a person they should get in trouble. If a person wants to hurt another person physically or emotionally they could be kicked out of school or suspended. They should have a stricter consequence. Most of all the school violence is from a student bullying another student. Innocent people get hurt by just being in the school or next to the person aimed for.

The student or students should be reported to the police and put in a school for kids who act like them. Students should not have to suffer being bullied by another student. If someone wants to bully another person they do deserve to suffer the consequence.

To stop all of the killing and violence students should keep all of there comments to there selves. Bullying is not just fighting. It’s also words or being rude. Bulling could get you sent to jail or maybe even killed. So the smart thing to do is just not say anything mean to anyone. Students should treat others the way they wanted to be treated